Load restraining apparatus and method

ABSTRACT

A load ( 22, 26, 27, 28, 29 ) is restrained against movement by passing a tape or chain ( 21, 31, 39 ) around the load ( 22, 26, 27, 28, 29 ) and passing the tape or chain ( 21, 31, 39 ) through a slot ( 17, 44 ) in a plate or the like ( 14, 41 ).

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to apparatus and to methods for restraining objects such as loads, particularly during transportation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the present art, flexible tape, cord, rope, chain or the like is used to tie down loads. Accordingly, throughout this specification (including the claims) we use the term “tape” to include flexible tape, cord, rope, chain and the like that is suitable for tying loads and the like.

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate methods and apparatus by which loads are currently restrained during transport.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view through a load 1 that is being carried on a flat-bed 2 of a transportation vehicle. The load 1 is being restrained against movement by a restraint 3. In the drawing, the direction normal to the plane of the paper is the fore-and-aft direction of the vehicle and so also of movement of the vehicle. The restraint 3 is generally either tape or the like formed from synthetic material, or chain. The restraint 3 is anchored at opposite anchor points 4 at extremities of the flat-bed 2 and stretched taut over the load 1 in an attempt to restrain that load both laterally and longitudinally. It will however be appreciated that, depending on, among other things:

-   -   the mass of the load 1;     -   the amount of friction between the load 1 and the flat-bed 2;         and     -   the amount of friction between the load 1 and the restraint 3,         the load 1 may be prone to fore-and-aft movement on acceleration         or braking of the vehicle and to sideways sway on cornering.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view through loads 6, 7, 8 and 9 that similarly are being carried on a flat-bed 2 of a transportation vehicle and which are being similarly restrained. In this case, to more reliably secure the loads 6, 7, 8 and 9, three restraints 11, 12 and 13 are used. The restraints 11, 12 and 13 are tape, chain or the like. The restraint 11 is anchored at point 4 at one edge of the flat-bed 2 and passes once around the adjacent load items 6 and 7. Similarly, the restraint 12 is anchored at the opposite point 4 of the flat-bed 2 and passes once around the adjacent load items 8 and 9. It will be appreciated that the restraints 11 and 12 operate to restrain load items 6, 7, 8 and 9 from moving towards the centre-line of the flat-bed 2 as well as (to some extent) contributing to preventing fore-and-aft movement of the load items 6, 7, 8 and 9. To more effectively restrain the load items 6, 7, 8 and 9 in general and to prevent their movement towards lateral edges of the flat-bed 2, a further restraint 13 is anchored at points 4 and passes over each of those load items. It will be appreciated that the restraint 13 can be secured in place only after the items 6, 7, 8 and 9 have been placed on the flat-bed 2. It will also be appreciated that, in the situation where various ones of load items 6, 7, 8 and 9 are to be delivered to different locations, it will be necessary to release and re-fix at least two of the restraints 11, 12 and 13 at at least one of those delivery locations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In contrast, according to one embodiment, the present invention provides apparatus for restraining an object when used in conjunction tape, the apparatus comprising:

-   -   a body; the body comprising:         -   two sides and a periphery;         -   a first opening passing through the body;         -   a second opening passing from the periphery of the body and             being in communication with the first opening         -   the second opening being adapted to receive a bight of the             tape for movement of that bight into the first opening; and         -   the first opening being adapted to receive that bight of the             tape in a manner in which the bight protrudes to one side of             the body and the remainder of the tape protrudes to the             other side of the body.

In one preferred form, the two sides are substantially planar, in which case it is also preferred that the first opening and the second opening together define a slot.

In another preferred form the body comprises substantially two hook-shaped components, each hook-shaped component having a first arm and a second arm, each first arm being contiguous with the other first arm and the two hook-shaped components defining the first and second openings between them.

In another preferred form, the present invention provides a process of restraining an object by using such apparatus, the process comprising:

-   -   arranging tape so that a bight of the tape protrudes to one side         of the body and the remainder of the tape protrudes to the other         side of the body; and     -   restraining the object within that bight of tape.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order that the invention may be more readily understood, preferred embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate methods and apparatus by which loads are customarily currently constrained during transport;

FIG. 3 illustrates apparatus according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 illustrate methods according to preferred embodiments;

FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 illustrate apparatus according to another three preferred embodiments of the invention;

FIGS. 10 and 11 are plan views, on different scales, of yet another embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view on the line B-B of FIG. 11.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 3 is a plan view of apparatus 14 according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus 14 is a plate 16 which has a slot 17 in it. The plate is manufactured from any suitable material, but forged steel is preferred. The slot 17 has opposed, substantially parallel edges 18 and 19 and has an open end 20. Although the peripheral outline of the plate 16 is shown as being generally tear-drop shaped (in the plan view) the peripheral shape of the plate 16 is not critical to the invention.

A preferred process of using the apparatus 14 of FIG. 3 is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. This process uses a restraint 21 in the form of tape formed from synthetic material. The restraint 21 is left lying loosely across the flat-bed 2 and the load 22 is then placed on the flat-bed 2 and on top of the loose tape 21. A bight 23 of the restraint 21 is then placed around the load 22 and placed into the slot 17 by passing it through the open end 20 of the slot 17 in a plate 14. The restraint 21 is then tightened and fastened at points 4 at opposite sides of the flat-bed 2.

FIG. 5 differs from FIG. 4 in that it illustrates multiple load items 26, 27, 28 and 29. Again, a restraint such as 31 is left lying loosely across the flat-bed 2 and the load items 26, 27, 28 and 29 are then placed on the flat-bed 2 and on top of the loose tape 31. A bight 32 of the restraint 31 is then placed around the load items 26 and 27 and placed into the slot 17 by passing it through the open end 20 of the slot in a plate 14. A bight 33 of the restraint 31 is then placed around the load items 28 and 28 and then placed into the slot 17 by passing it through the open end 20 of the slot in the plate 14. The restraint 31 is then tightened and fastened at points 4 at opposite sides of the flat-bed 2.

It will be appreciated that, in order to remove a single one of the load items 26, 27, 28 or 29 it is necessary only to manipulate one restraint, unlike the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 2.

FIG. 6 illustrates a method according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. A load item 36 is shown as stacked on, but protruding from, another load item 37. In a region where the item 36 protrudes from the item 37, a bight 38 of a restraint 39 passes around the item 36. Below the item 36, legs of the restraint 39 are placed into the slot 17 in the plate 14. The restraint 39 is tightened and fastened at points 4.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of apparatus 41 according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of FIG. 7 is adapted for use with restraints that are in the form of a chain. The apparatus 41 has two opposed arms 42 and 43 defining a slot between them, having an opening 46 to the slot. The apparatus 41 operates in a way that is similar to the apparatus 14, in that legs of a restraint (which is not illustrated in FIG. 7) are passed into the slot 44 through the opening 46.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of apparatus according to another preferred embodiment of the invention. It will be apparent that the embodiment of FIG. 8 is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 3, except that the embodiment of FIG. 8 has two slots 53 and 54 whereas the embodiment of FIG. 3 has one slot 17. In use, the tape or the like is passed once through each slot 53 and 54 (contrasting with passing the tape twice through the slot 17 of FIG. 3).

FIG. 9 is a plan view of apparatus according to another preferred embodiment of the invention. It will be apparent that the embodiment of FIG. 9 is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 7. The embodiment 56 of the invention shown in FIG. 9 has two opposed arms 57 and 58 defining two separate slots 59 and 61.

FIGS. 10 and 11 are plan views of apparatus 104 according to yet another one preferred embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus 104 is a plate 106 which has a slot 107 in it. The plate is manufactured from any suitable material, but forged steel is preferred. The slot 107 has opposed, substantially parallel edges 108 and 109 and has an open end 120. Although the peripheral outline of the plate 106 is shown as having two opposite sides which appear generally straight and parallel to each other (in plan view) and an end which appears generally arcuate (in the plan view) the peripheral shape of the plate 106 is not critical to the invention.

It will also be seen that, proximate the open end of the slot 107, the plate 106 comprises integral protrusions 121 and 122 which project generally inwardly into the slot 107.

The embodiment of FIGS. 10 to 12 is particularly suited to situations in which a flat tape is being used. It will be appreciated that, when the tape is flat, an edge of the tape will bear against each of the protrusions 121 and 122, tending to more securely retain that tape within the slot 107.

Although the embodiments of the invention that have been described are particularly suited to industrial uses, other embodiments of the invention are particularly suited to non-industrial uses. For example, embodiments of apparatus according to the present invention are in smaller sizes particularly suited to restraining loads on car roof-racks, trailers or the like. Although forged steel has been described as being particularly suitable for the apparatus, it will be appreciated that any suitable material, such as synthetic plastics materials, may be used. Synthetic plastics materials are particularly suitable for light-weight embodiments of the apparatus in some non-industrial environments.

While the present invention has been described with reference to a few specific embodiments, the description is illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. Various modifications may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Although dimensions are shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, it is to be appreciated that the scope of the invention is not specifically limited by those dimensions except to the extent described and claimed in this specification.

“Comprises/comprising” when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof. 

1. An apparatus for restraining an object when used in conjunction tape, the apparatus comprising: a body, the body comprising two sides and a periphery; a first opening passing through the body from one side to the other side; a second opening passing from the periphery of the body and being in communication with the first opening the second opening being adapted to receive a bight of the tape for movement of that bight into the first opening; and the first opening being adapted to receive that bight of tape in a manner in which the bight protrudes to one side of the body and the remainder of the tape protrudes to the other side of the body.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the body further comprises a third opening passing through passing through the body from one side to the other side; a fourth opening passing from the periphery of the body and being in communication with the first opening the fourth opening being adapted to receive a bight of the tape for movement of that bight into the third opening; and the third opening being adapted to receive that bight of the tape in a manner in which the bight protrudes to one side of the body and the remainder of the tape protrudes to the other side of the body.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the two sides are substantially planar.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the first opening and the second opening together define a slot.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, substantially as described with reference to FIG.
 3. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, having dimensions substantially as shown in FIG.
 3. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, substantially as described with reference to FIG.
 8. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, having dimensions substantially as shown in FIG.
 8. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the body comprises substantially two hook-shaped components, each hook-shaped components having a first arm and a second arm, each first arm being contiguous with the other first arm and the two hook-shaped components defining the first and second openings between them.
 10. The apparatus of claim 9, substantially as described with reference to FIG.
 7. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, having dimensions substantially as shown in FIG.
 7. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, substantially as described with reference to FIG.
 9. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, having dimensions substantially as shown in FIG.
 9. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising means adapted to inhibit movement of the bight of tape out of the second opening into the first opening.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14, in which the means adapted to inhibit the movement of the bight of tape out of the second opening into the first opening comprises at least one protrusion which is adapted to bear against an edge of the tape.
 16. The apparatus of claim 14, substantially as described with reference to FIGS. 10 and
 11. 17. A process of restraining an object by using apparatus of claim 1, the process comprising: arranging tape so that a bight of the tape protrudes to the other side of the body and the remainder of the tape protrudes to the other side of the body; and restraining the object within that bight of tape. 